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袧邪 褋械谐芯写薪褟褕薪懈泄 写械薪褜, 泻褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻邪褟 褝褋褌褉邪写邪 芯写薪邪 懈蟹 胁芯褋褌褉械斜芯胁邪薪薪褘褏 懈 锌芯锌褍谢褟褉薪褘褏 胁懈写芯胁 懈褋泻褍褋褋褌胁邪. 袩械褋薪懈 胁 懈褋锌芯谢薪械薪懈懈 袦懈褉斜械泻邪 袗褌邪斜械泻邪, 袨屑邪褉邪, 袚褍谢褜卸懈谐懈褌邪 袣邪谢褘泻芯胁邪, 袗谢械泻褋邪, 谐褉褍锌锌褘 袧芯薪-褋褌芯锌, 懈 褞薪芯泄 锌械胁懈褑褘 袗褟薪褘 袣邪褋褘屑芯胁芯泄 蟹胁褍褔邪褌 胁 芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪薪褘褏 屑械褋褌邪褏, 邪 懈褏 锌械褋薪懈 懈 屑邪薪械褉褍 懈褋锌芯谢薪械薪懈褟 蟹邪褍褔懈胁邪褞褌 屑薪芯谐懈械 褞薪芯褕懈 懈 写械胁褍褕泻懈 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪邪, 邪 胁芯蟹屑芯卸薪芯 懈 笑械薪褌褉邪谢褜薪芯泄 袗蟹懈懈. 袙 懈褏 褉械锌械褉褌褍邪褉械 懈屑械褞褌褋褟 泻邪泻 薪芯胁褘械 锌械褋薪懈, 褌邪泻 懈 锌械褋薪懈, 褉芯卸写械薪薪褘械 胁 写芯褋芯胁械褌褋泻芯械 懈 褋芯胁械褌褋泻芯械 胁褉械屑褟, 懈 泻芯褌芯褉褘械 斜褍写褍褔懈 褕谢褟谐械褉邪屑懈 褌械褏 谢械褌 懈 褋械谐芯写薪褟, 锌芯屑芯谐邪谢懈 懈 锌芯屑芯谐邪褞褌 褔械谢芯胁械泻褍 屑械褔褌邪褌褜, 懈蟹屑械薪褟褌褜 卸懈蟹薪褜, 谢褞斜懈褌褜 斜械蟹 芯褋褌邪褌泻邪, 写芯褌褟谐懈胁邪褌褜褋褟 写芯 蟹胁械蟹写 懈 薪械斜邪.
孝褉褍写薪芯褋褌懈 褋褌邪薪芯胁谢械薪懈褟 懈 锌芯锌褍谢褟褉懈蟹邪褑懈懈 锌械褋薪懈 斜褘谢懈 懈 褌芯谐写邪, 芯薪懈 懈屑械褞褌褋褟 懈 褋械泄褔邪褋, 胁 芯褋芯斜械薪薪芯褋褌懈 胁 胁械泻 斜械褋锌芯褖邪写薪芯泄 泻芯薪泻褍褉械薪褑懈懈 胁 褕芯褍 斜懈蟹薪械褋械. 袣邪泻 褋锌械褌褜 褌邪泻, 褔褌芯斜褘 胁屑械褋褌械 褋 褌芯斜芯泄 蟹邪锌械谢邪 胁褋褟 褋褌褉邪薪邪? 袣邪泻芯胁褘 褋芯褋褌邪胁谢褟褞褖懈械 褍褋锌械褏邪 褝褋褌褉邪写薪芯谐芯 锌械胁褑邪, 懈 薪邪褋泻芯谢褜泻芯 褌邪泻芯械 锌褉械写谢芯卸械薪懈械 芯褌 写械锌褍褌邪褌邪 袞袣 泻邪泻 芯斜谢芯卸懈褌褜 薪邪谢芯谐邪屑懈 写芯褏芯写褘 邪褉褌懈褋褌芯胁 懈 胁械写褍褖懈褏 褉邪蟹谢懈褔薪褘械 屑械褉芯锌褉懈褟褌懈褟, 褌.械. 薪邪褕懈 褌芯懈 锌芯胁谢懈褟褞褌 薪邪 褋芯褋褌芯褟薪懈械 懈 褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈械 泻褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 褝褋褌褉邪写褘 懈 屑褍蟹褘泻懈?
袧邪 褝褌懈 懈 写褉褍谐懈械 胁芯锌褉芯褋褘 锌芯褋褌邪褉邪械褌褋褟 芯褌胁械褌懈褌褜, 邪 褌邪泻卸械 锌芯写械谢懈褌褋褟 褋胁芯懈屑 褌胁芯褉褔械褋褌胁芯屑 褞薪邪褟 锌械胁懈褑邪 袗褟薪邪 袣邪褋褘屑芯胁邪. 袗褟薪邪 锌芯械褌 褋 4 谢械褌, 泻芯谐写邪 屑邪谢械薪褜泻芯泄 写械胁芯褔泻芯泄 褋芯谢懈褉芯胁邪谢邪 胁 写械褌褋泻芯屑 褏芯褉械 芦袗泻-楔芯芯谢邪禄. 袥褞斜芯胁褜 泻 屑褍蟹褘泻械 械泄 锌褉懈胁懈谢懈 械械 褉芯写懈褌械谢懈 - 袗泄蟹邪褉 袣邪褋褘屑芯胁, 褋芯谢懈褋褌 写卸邪蟹芯胁芯泄 谐褉褍锌锌褘 芦袗褍褉邪禄 懈 屑邪屑邪 袗懈写邪 孝芯泻褌芯褋褍薪芯胁邪, 泻芯屑褍蟹懈褋褌泻邪 胁 褎芯谢褜泻谢芯褉薪芯屑 邪薪褋邪屑斜谢械 芦袣邪屑斜邪褉泻邪薪禄 薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪芯泄 褎懈谢邪褉屑芯薪懈懈. 小械谐芯写薪褟, 袗褟薪邪 锌芯泻芯褉懈谢邪 薪械 褌芯谢褜泻芯 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪, 薪芯 懈 屑懈褉, 褍褔邪褋褌胁褍褟 胁 褋胁芯懈 15 谢械褌 胁 褌邪泻芯屑 锌褉械褋褌懈卸薪械泄褕械屑 泻芯薪泻褍褉褋械 薪邪 锌芯褋褌褋芯胁械褌褋泻芯屑 锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪褋褌胁械 泻邪泻 芦袗褉褌懈褋褌禄, 芯薪邪 胁褘锌褍褋褌懈谢邪 褋胁芯泄 锌械褉胁褘泄 邪谢褜斜芯屑, 胁 泻芯褌芯褉芯屑 褋 芯褋芯斜芯泄 芯褉谐邪薪懈泻芯泄 蟹胁褍褔邪褌 锌械褋薪懈 泻邪泻 薪邪 泻褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯屑, 褌邪泻 懈 邪薪谐谢懈泄褋泻芯屑 懈 褉褍褋褋泻芯屑 褟蟹褘泻邪褏. 袝械 锌械褋薪懈 芦袦芯泄 谢褞斜懈屑褘泄 褔械谢芯胁械泻禄, 芦小爷褉殉褌爷訄殉禄, 懈 写褉褍谐懈械 褋褌邪谢懈 褔邪褋褌褜褞 薪邪褕械泄 卸懈蟹薪懈, 褋芯褋褌芯褟薪懈褟 写谢懈褌械谢褜薪芯谐芯 锌芯谢械褌邪 胁 褔懈褋褌芯褌褍 谢褞斜胁懈, 写芯斜褉邪 懈 胁械褉薪芯褋褌懈.
袨褉谐邪薪懈蟹邪褑懈褟 胁褋褌褉械褔懈 芯褋褍褖械褋褌胁谢械薪邪 效芯谢锌芯薪 孝褍褉写邪谢懈械胁芯泄, 写.懈.薪., 锌褉芯褎械褋褋芯褉 锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑褘 袗薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈懈 袗校笑袗
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Criminology is an underdeveloped field in the post-Soviet region. The study of crime and state responses to it is usually left to legal scholars, lawyers and practitioners. Yet the countries of the post-Soviet region have very particular criminological and social scientific, problems: high violent crime rates, attitudes marked by 鈥榣egal nihilism鈥�, embedded organized crime, and corruption. State responses to crime are characterized by both Soviet legacies and weaknesses of the institutions tasked with controlling criminality. Post-Soviet countries possess very high prison populations, often corrupt and predatory police forces, worryingly influential private security sectors, and governments that practice selective justice. Furthermore, the region is a fascinating place to study reform processes. From the Baltic States to Georgia, Ukraine, Russia and Kyrgyzstan attempts to reform prisons, police and reduce corruption vary. In this presentation, I will present a number of analytical puzzles that criminologists in western countries debate and show what post-Soviet countries can contribute to these discussions. These questions include:
- Does capitalism create crime?
- Does democracy lead to high prison populations?
- When does crime become politicized?
- Where and when does organized crime emerge?
- Why does prison reform produce violence?
- What is corruption and how can it be reduced?
Bio: Gavin Slade
Originally from the UK, I completed a PhD in Criminology from Oxford University in 2011. I was assistant professor of Criminology at the University of Toronto, Canada from 2012-2014. I am currently a research fellow at the Freie Universitat in Berlin. My specific research focus is on organized crime and corruption as well as prison and police reform in post-Soviet countries. I have a book out with Oxford University Press in December 2013 entitled Reorganizing Crime: Mafia and Anti-Mafia in Post-Soviet Georgia. I am also very interested in, and have researched and published on, practices of immigrant detention in the UK in so-called Immigration Removal Centres. Currently, I am researching and writing about prison reform in the post-Soviet region, the links of these reforms to violence, and the role prisons have played in framing the culture and practices of organized crime in this region.
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Psychology is a relatively new science of behavior and has predominantly focused on studying behavior in clinical, educational,social, and industrial settings. One important area that the study of psychology has neglected is that of promoting peace and controlling violence. It is possibly owing to this reason that many scholars have felt that psychology has failed to carry its message across disciplines in general and policy makers in particular. This talk focuses on the the characteristics of peaceful cultures, especially in the context of Bonta鈥檚 identification of 23 peace cultures published in Psychological Bulletin, a publication of American Psychological Association. The research was conducted in a small village of about 1100 people located in Malana, India. This peaceful culture of Malana exhibits genuinely core democratic structure and application of peaceful resolution of their conflicts is added to Bonta鈥檚 list. In the context of several psychological correlates such as moral inclusion, forgiveness and empathy, the peaceful culture of Malana will be highlighted in this talk. Finally, the talk seeks further application of Fredrickson鈥檚 broaden and build theory and Kool鈥檚 three dimensional model of nonviolence, as well as a brief mention of comparable nonviolent research currently being done in Kyrgyzstan and India.
BIO
My name is Erica Piazza and I am a Peace Corps Volunteer located in At Bashy, Kyrgyzstan. I had presented research on 鈥淪elf-control and nonviolence: Lessons from Malana鈥� as part of a panel entitled 鈥淣onviolence, Conflict Transformation and Forgiveness鈥� at the 25th Annual Conference of the German Peace Psychology Association, June 1-3, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. Currently, I am working on research in Kyrgyzstan that focuses on the role of religion in nonviolence.
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Multiple identity crises and aggressiveness, transcendental hollowness and metaphysical loneliness, consequently alienation, depression, neuroses and psychoses 鈥� these are some of the paramount issues of the contemporary Occidental homo sapiens. Battling these paramount conditions, overwhelmed by his unprecedented identity crises related to his Self, God(s), family, sex, gender, religion(s), and occult belief systems, the postmodern Westerner has become a void humanoid / android, agonizing in his spiritual hollowness.
As a natural repercussion, he has become a faithful patient of expensive therapists, in his most desperate attempt to overcome his 21st century diseases 鈥� direct outcomes of his modus vivendi. To mention the preeminent ones: his dehumanizing rat race for material goods and for social prestige, his (self)-isolation and consequently, the implosion of all those social nuclei that he once seriously relied on (family and friendship circles, face-to-face socializing and social networks as well as the institution of marriage). Only three centuries after sacrificing himself for the lofty idea(l)s of the French Revolution and of the Enlightenment, the contemporary Occidental humanoid has undergone an unprecedented process of dehumanization, turning into a void, ailing automaton: an uprooted, narcissistic, xenophobic, self-destructive being, lost in his search for new existential roots. What is most interesting is the fact that although for the first time in history the human being officially decreed God鈥檚 death, he immediately detected his own inner / transcendental frustrations and promptly resorted to inventing new, artificial pseudo-gods and idols.
Why, where and when have we failed as humane human beings?
Elisabeta Zelinka is the Academic Director of the NGA New Generation Academy, 九色网
She holds a PhD in the field of Literary Studies and Social Psychology, published in 2010: A Psycho-Social Analysis of the Occident. Cunningham, 73 Years after Woolf: a Meeting in Androgyny.
She earned her PhD in a scholarship program: Bard College Berlin, West University Timisoara, Romania in 2009 and she became the youngest PhD in Romania, according to the minimum age limit.
She earned her BA diploma in German-British-American Philology, within a scholarship program: Bard College New York, USA, Martin-Luther-Universit盲t, Wittenberg, Germany, Alpen-Adria-Universit盲t, Klagenfurt, Austria and West University, Romania.
She has been teaching in both Europe and in Asia and is currently teaching and supervising 2 liberal arts courses at NGA, 九色网:
Critical Thinking and Test Analysis
UN Women Internship Program
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The press regularly produces subtle type of racism, which constructs the positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation. The research scrutinized the socially acquired prejudices about Central Asian migrants by analyzing three major online newspapers: Izvestia 鈥� popular daily, Komsomolskaya Pravda 鈥� left leaning daily and Novaya Gazeta as an independent daily. Media both reflects the 鈥榬eality鈥� and contributes to the formation of it. This latent type of racist prejudices are disseminated to wider public domain via media, which engenders the aggressive type of racism like it has happened in Beryulova pogrom in October, 2013. Moreover subtle modern type of racism contributes to the increase of xenophobic incidents against the 鈥榦thers鈥� (Central Asians) where the 鈥榮elves鈥� (Ethnically Russian citizens) justify their relations and actions referring to the 鈥榦fficial鈥� sources that are made known through media. The increasing cases of 'others'' deaths from the hands of 鈥榮kinheads鈥� and hostile relations and mood of Russians against Central Asian migrants served as a very big reason to study the role of press in production of these relations and moods. This research also studied narratives that are contructed about CA asian migrants, crisis/es event(s) that constituted the changes in migration discourse and reporting tones of Russian press when writing about Central Asian migrants. Moreover the main aim of the research was to answer the following questions: How Central Asian migrants are represented in Russian newspapers and do the Russian newspapers use enmity language in text production and generate racist discourse against Central Asian migrants?
The presentation will provide qualitative results and build a platform among participats to further enhance debate on nexus not only between migration and press, but also deeply and comprehensibly discuss the representation of migrants in magazines, TV, radio, billboards and social media.
Bio: Tolgonai Kozhoeva is a graduate of the 九色网 Anthropology program. She has recently completed the joint German-Turkish Dual Master鈥檚 Degree in Social Sciences from the Humboldt University in Berlin and Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Xinjiang, officially the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and historically known as Eastern Turkestan, was the scene of serious disturbances in the last few years. What are the causes of these disturbances? How are related to the Chinese policy towards national minorities in this multiethnic region? What are the landmarks of this policy and how did this policy evolve?
The presentation will outline the history of the nationalities policy and the characteristics of its different stages and will discuss the effect of this policy on the life of China鈥檚 largest administrative unit.
Valeri Hardin currently teaches at 九色网 courses in Literature and Art of Central Asia, History of Art, and First Year Seminar. His recent research interests include art of Central Asia and language use in urban settings. The presentation is based on a semester of research at the Indiana University, Bloomington.
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The events in Crimea and Ukraine the past year have caused much reverberation, not only in the West, but also within the former Soviet Union. Particularly in Kazakhstan, the nationalist sentiment has perceived the conflicts very negatively, grounded on the fear that Russia will also swallow parts of northern Kazakhstan. Thus, the Kazakh nationalists have used these Ukrainian conflicts to reinterpret Kazakhstan鈥檚 political, economic and social relations with Russia, cast a stark critique on Russia, and launching a solidarity movement towards Ukraine and the Crimean Tatars. I will show a number of visual examples from social media of the nationalists鈥� interpretation of this conflict, and discuss the impact it might have on Kazakhstan鈥檚 foreign policy and public opinion. Please note that I as presenter do not endorse any of the beliefs shown in the presentation.
Mia Tarp Hansen is a PhD candidate at the Department of Politics and International Relations, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. She is also a visiting researcher, College of Social Sciences, KIMEP University, Almaty, Kazakhstan. BA, MA: Russian Studies, Central Asian Studies and Anthropology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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校褋谢褍谐懈 褟胁谢褟褞褌褋褟 薪械芯褌褗械屑谢械屑芯泄 褔邪褋褌褜褞 薪邪褕械泄 锌芯胁褋械写薪械胁薪芯泄 卸懈蟹薪懈. 袪褘薪芯泻 褍褋谢褍谐 胁褋械 胁褉械屑褟 褉邪褋褌械褌 懈 锌芯 屑薪芯谐懈屑 锌芯泻邪蟹邪褌械谢褟屑 褍卸械 芯锌械褉械卸邪械褌 褉褘薪芯泻 褌芯胁邪褉芯胁. 袛谢褟 褍褋锌械褕薪芯谐芯 褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈褟 懈 胁械写械薪懈褟 斜懈蟹薪械褋邪 薪械芯斜褏芯写懈屑褘 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐芯胁褘械 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟 褉褘薪泻邪 鈥� 胁 褔邪褋褌薪芯褋褌懈 写谢褟 褌芯谐芯, 褔褌芯斜褘 褍蟹薪邪褌褜 褋芯胁褉械屑械薪薪芯械 褋芯褋褌芯褟薪懈械 褉褘薪泻邪, 褍褔械褋褌褜 械谐芯 芯褋芯斜械薪薪芯褋褌懈, 邪 褌邪泻卸械 胁褘褟胁懈褌褜 褌械薪写械薪褑懈懈 写邪谢褜薪械泄褕懈褏 懈蟹屑械薪械薪懈褟褏 褋懈褌褍邪褑懈懈 薪邪 褉褘薪泻械. 袧邪 锌芯屑芯褖褜 褌邪泻懈屑 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁懈褌械谢褟屑 褉褘薪泻邪 屑芯卸械褌 锌褉懈泄褌懈 斜芯谢械械 懈薪薪芯胁邪褑懈芯薪薪褘泄 锌芯写褏芯写, 薪邪锌褉懈屑械褉, 懈褋锌芯谢褜蟹芯胁邪薪懈械 懈薪褋褌褉褍屑械薪褌芯胁 锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪褋褌胁械薪薪芯谐芯 邪薪邪谢懈蟹邪, 泻芯褌芯褉褘械 褟胁谢褟褞褌褋褟 芯写薪懈屑懈 懈蟹 芯褋薪芯胁薪褘褏 懈薪褋褌褉褍屑械薪褌芯胁 谐械芯谐褉邪褎懈褔械褋泻懈褏 懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈芯薪薪褘褏 褋懈褋褌械屑 (袚袠小). 袧邪 褋褌褘泻械 屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪 懈 袚袠小 锌芯褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 薪芯胁邪褟 写懈褋褑懈锌谢懈薪邪, 锌芯谢褍褔懈胁褕邪褟 薪邪蟹胁邪薪懈械 鈥� 袚械芯屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐. 啸邪褉邪泻褌械褉薪芯泄 芯褋芯斜械薪薪芯褋褌褜褞 谐械芯屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 褌芯, 褔褌芯 芯薪 锌芯蟹胁芯谢褟械褌 写芯胁芯谢褜薪芯 谢械谐泻芯 锌褉芯胁械褋褌懈 邪薪邪谢懈蟹 褋褍褖械褋褌胁褍褞褖械谐芯 褉褘薪泻邪, 芯褑械薪懈褌褜 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁褘 械谐芯 褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈褟 褋 锌芯蟹懈褑懈懈 屑械褋褌芯锌芯谢芯卸械薪懈褟 锌褉械写芯褋褌邪胁谢械薪懈械 褌芯胁邪褉邪 懈谢懈 褍褋谢褍谐懈. 袛邪薪邪褟 褉邪斜芯褌邪 锌芯泻邪蟹褘胁邪械褌 胁芯蟹屑芯卸薪芯褋褌懈 谐械芯屑邪褉泻械褌懈薪谐邪 薪邪 锌褉懈屑械褉械 锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪褋褌胁械薪薪芯谐芯 邪薪邪谢懈蟹邪 懈 屑芯写械谢懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟 谢芯泻邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 褉褘薪泻邪 褍褋谢褍谐 薪邪 褌械褉褉懈褌芯褉懈懈 褞卸薪褘褏 屑懈泻褉芯褉邪泄芯薪芯胁 谐芯褉芯写邪 袘懈褕泻械泻.
袝胁谐械薪懈泄 楔懈斜泻芯胁 - 褝泻褋锌械褉褌 锌芯 谐械芯谐褉邪褎懈褔械褋泻懈屑 懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褑懈芯薪薪褘屑 褋懈褋褌械屑邪屑 胁 校薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌械 笑械薪褌褉邪谢褜薪芯泄 袗蟹懈懈. 袧邪褔懈薪邪谢 褋胁芯褞 泻邪褉褜械褉褍 胁 袣邪褉褌芯谐褉邪褎芯-袚械芯写械蟹懈褔械褋泻芯泄 褋谢褍卸斜械 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈 胁 2007 谐芯写褍. 小 2012 锌芯 2014 褍褔懈谢褋褟 胁 袦邪谐懈褋褌褉邪褌褍褉械 芯褉谐邪薪懈蟹芯胁邪薪薪芯泄 袣袚校小孝袗 懈 校薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌芯屑 袟邪谢褜褑斜褍褉谐邪 袗胁褋褌褉懈褟, 锌芯 褋锌械褑懈邪谢褜薪芯褋褌懈 芦袣邪褉褌芯谐褉邪褎懈褟 懈 袚械芯懈薪褎芯褉屑邪褌懈泻邪禄. 袙 2014 薪邪褔邪谢 褉邪斜芯褌褍 胁 袠薪褋褌懈褌褍褌械 袠褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟 袚芯褉薪褘褏 褋芯芯斜褖械褋褌胁 锌褉懈 校薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌械 笑械薪褌褉邪谢褜薪芯泄 袗蟹懈懈. 校褔邪褋褌薪懈泻 薪械褋泻芯谢褜泻懈褏 袦械卸写褍薪邪褉芯写薪褘褏 泻芯薪褎械褉械薪褑懈泄 懈 褌褉械薪懈薪谐芯胁.
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Architects, interior designers, construction workers, business owners, people selling materials for construction, decoration and remodeling, and homeowners of different professions have talked about their desire for "something new" in houses and apartments. At the same time, many people express concern about new residential areas and new construction. This presentation discusses ideas about novelty in the design, construction, remodelling and decoration of domestic spaces in Bishkek. It examines practices and materials that are considered "new", how people evaluate the newness, and some ways the desirableness or danger of that "newness" is constructed, and what the production or possession of "something new" is understood to say about the people who create and inhabit that newness.
Amanda Wetsel is a PhD candidate in the anthropology department at Stanford University and a visiting scholar at the Central Asian Studies Institute at the American University of Central Asia.
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小 薪械写邪胁薪懈褏 锌芯褉 胁 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪械 芯写薪芯泄 懈蟹 芯斜褋褍卸写邪械屑褘褏 褌械屑 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 褌械屑邪 胁褏芯卸写械薪懈褟 褋褌褉邪薪褘 胁 孝邪屑芯卸械薪薪褘泄 小芯褞蟹. 袨薪邪 胁褘蟹胁邪谢邪 芯谐褉芯屑薪褘泄 芯斜褖械褋褌胁械薪薪褘泄 褉械蟹芯薪邪薪褋, 褉邪蟹写械谢褟褟 芯斜褖械褋褌胁芯 薪邪 写胁邪 谢邪谐械褉褟 鈥� 薪邪 褋褌芯褉芯薪薪懈泻芯胁, 泻芯褌芯褉褘械 褋 褍斜械写懈褌械谢褜薪褘屑懈 邪褉谐褍屑械薪褌邪屑懈 懈 褎邪泻褌邪屑懈 写芯泻邪蟹褘胁邪褞褌 薪械芯斜褏芯写懈屑芯褋褌褜 懈 褝褎褎械泻褌懈胁薪芯褋褌褜 褌邪泻芯泄 懈薪褌械谐褉邪褑懈懈, 懈 锌褉芯褌懈胁薪懈泻芯胁, 泻芯褌芯褉褘械, 薪邪锌褉芯褌懈胁, 蟹邪褖懈褖邪褞褌, 褌邪泻 薪邪蟹褘胁邪械屑褍褞 鈥樠嵭盒拘叫拘夹秆囆笛佇貉冄� 薪械蟹邪胁懈褋懈屑芯褋褌褜鈥� 懈 锌械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁褘 褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈褟 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪邪 胁 褎芯褉屑械 褉械褝泻褋锌芯褉褌邪 懈 斜芯谢械械 褌械褋薪褘褏 褌芯褉谐芯胁芯-褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻懈褏 褋胁褟蟹械泄 褋 袣懈褌邪械屑.
袣邪泻芯胁邪 卸械 薪邪 褋械谐芯写薪褟褕薪懈泄 写械薪褜 褋褌械锌械薪褜 褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻芯泄, 褞褉懈写懈褔械褋泻芯泄, 褋芯褑懈邪谢褜薪芯泄, 邪 谐写械-褌芯 锌褋懈褏芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻芯泄 谐芯褌芯胁薪芯褋褌懈 薪邪褕械谐芯 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁邪, 懈 斜芯谢械械 褌芯谐芯, 械谐芯 锌褉芯懈蟹胁芯写懈褌械谢械泄 懈 锌芯褌褉械斜懈褌械谢械泄 泻 褝褌芯屑褍 懈薪褌械谐褉邪褑懈芯薪薪芯屑褍 锌褉芯褑械褋褋褍; 泻邪泻懈械 褉懈褋泻懈 懈 锌褉懈芯褉懈褌械褌褘 芯卸懈写邪褞褌褋褟 胁 褌褉邪薪蟹懈褌薪褘泄 锌械褉懈芯写 邪写邪锌褌邪褑懈懈, 懈 薪邪褋泻芯谢褜泻芯 芯薪懈 锌褉械芯写芯谢懈屑褘 胁 褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻芯屑, 薪芯褉屑邪褌懈胁薪芯-锌褉邪胁芯胁芯屑 懈 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯-锌褋懈褏芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻芯屑 泻芯薪褌械泻褋褌械; 泻邪泻 懈 泻邪泻懈屑 芯斜褉邪蟹芯屑, 薪邪褕懈 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪褘械 懈薪褌械褉械褋褘 懈 薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪褘械 芯褋芯斜械薪薪芯褋褌懈 褍褔褌械薪褘 懈 斜褍写褍褌 褋芯斜谢褞写邪褌褜褋褟?
协褌懈 懈 写褉褍谐懈械 胁芯锌褉芯褋褘 斜褍写褍褌 芯斜褋褍卸写械薪褘 胁 袗薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈褔械褋泻芯屑 泻谢褍斜械 袗校笑袗 胁 胁褘褋褌褍锌谢械薪懈懈 袦邪褉邪褌邪 袗斜写褘褉邪蟹邪泻芯胁懈褔邪 小褍谢褌邪薪芯胁邪, 袛械锌褍褌邪褌邪 袞芯谐芯褉泻褍 袣械薪械褕邪 袣袪 芦袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪 胁 孝邪屑芯卸械薪薪芯屑 小芯褞蟹械: 袪懈褋泻懈, 小褌褉邪褌械谐懈懈 懈 袩械褉褋锌械泻褌懈胁褘禄.
袘懈芯: 袦邪褉邪褌 袗斜写褘褉邪蟹邪泻芯胁懈褔 小褍谢褌邪薪芯胁 胁 1983 谐芯写褍 斜褘谢 胁褘锌褍褋泻薪懈泻芯屑 芯写薪芯谐芯 懈蟹 锌褉械褋褌懈卸薪褘褏 胁褍蟹芯胁 袪芯褋褋懈懈, 袦芯褋泻芯胁褋泻芯谐芯 懈薪褋褌懈褌褍褌邪 褋褌邪谢懈 懈 褋锌谢邪胁芯胁 (袦袠小懈小), 锌芯褋谢械 芯泻芯薪褔邪薪懈褟, 泻芯褌芯褉芯谐芯 斜褘谢 锌褉懈谐谢邪褕械薪 屑谢邪写褕懈屑 薪邪褍褔薪褘屑 褋芯褌褉褍写薪懈泻芯屑 薪邪 泻邪褎械写褉褍 屑邪褌械褉懈邪谢芯胁械写械薪懈褟 锌芯谢褍锌褉芯胁芯写薪懈泻芯胁. 小 1987 锌芯 1992 谐谐. 袦.袗. 小褍谢褌邪薪芯胁 蟹邪薪懈屑邪谢褋褟 锌褉械锌芯写邪胁邪褌械谢褜褋泻芯泄 懈 薪邪褍褔薪芯泄 写械褟褌械谢褜薪芯褋褌褜褞 胁 褋褌芯谢懈褑械 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈. 袙 1992-1994 谐谐. 芯薪 蟹邪薪褟谢褋褟 斜邪薪泻芯胁褋泻芯泄 写械褟褌械谢褜薪芯褋褌褜褞 懈 蟹邪 褋褉邪胁薪懈褌械谢褜薪芯 薪械斜芯谢褜褕芯泄 锌械褉懈芯写 胁褘褉芯褋 写芯 锌褉械写褋械写邪褌械谢褟 锌褉邪胁谢械薪懈褟 袧邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 斜邪薪泻邪 袣袪.
袙 1999 谐芯写褍 袦.袗. 小褍谢褌邪薪芯胁 斜褘谢 薪邪蟹薪邪褔械薪 屑懈薪懈褋褌褉芯屑 褎懈薪邪薪褋芯胁 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈.
袙 2000-2005 谐芯写邪褏 - 写械锌褍褌邪褌 袟邪泻芯薪芯写邪褌械谢褜薪芯谐芯 褋芯斜褉邪薪懈褟 袞芯谐芯褉泻褍 袣械薪械褕邪 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈 II 褋芯蟹褘胁邪. 袪褍泻芯胁芯写懈褌械谢褜 写械锌褍褌邪褌褋泻芯泄 谐褉褍锌锌褘 芦协谢 爷褔爷薪禄, 锌褉械写褋械写邪褌械谢褜 袣芯屑懈褌械褌邪 锌芯 斜褞写卸械褌褍 懈 褎懈薪邪薪褋邪屑 袟邪泻芯薪芯写邪褌械谢褜薪芯谐芯 褋芯斜褉邪薪懈褟 袞芯谐芯褉泻褍 袣械薪械褕邪 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈.
袙 屑邪褉褌械 2005 谐芯写邪 懈蟹斜褉邪薪 写械锌褍褌邪褌芯屑 袞芯谐芯褉泻褍 袣械薪械褕邪 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈 III 褋芯蟹褘胁邪. 小 写械泻邪斜褉褟 2005 锌芯 屑邪褉褌 2006 谐芯写 鈥� 锌褉械写褋械写邪褌械谢褜 袣芯屑懈褌械褌邪 锌芯 泻芯薪褋褌懈褌褍褑懈芯薪薪芯屑褍 蟹邪泻芯薪芯写邪褌械谢褜褋褌胁褍, 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪芯屑褍 褍褋褌褉芯泄褋褌胁褍, 蟹邪泻芯薪薪芯褋褌懈, 褋褍写械斜薪芯-锌褉邪胁芯胁芯泄 褉械褎芯褉屑械 懈 锌芯 锌褉邪胁邪屑 褔械谢芯胁械泻邪.
小 屑邪褉褌邪 2006 谐芯写邪 - 孝芯褉邪谐邪 袞芯谐芯褉泻褍 袣械薪械褕邪 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈.
袙 写械泻邪斜褉械 2007 谐芯写邪 薪邪蟹薪邪褔械薪 锌褉械写褋械写邪褌械谢械屑 小芯褑懈邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 褎芯薪写邪 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈.
小 褟薪胁邪褉褟 2009 谐芯写邪 - 屑懈薪懈褋褌褉 褎懈薪邪薪褋芯胁 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈.
小 芯泻褌褟斜褉褟 2010 - 写械锌褍褌邪褌 袞芯谐芯褉泻褍 袣械薪械褕邪 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈 V 褋芯蟹褘胁邪, 褔谢械薪 袣芯屑懈褌械褌邪 袞芯谐芯褉泻褍 袣械薪械褕邪 锌芯 褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褔械褋泻芯泄 懈 褎懈褋泻邪谢褜薪芯泄 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻械.
袧邪谐褉邪卸写械薪 屑械写邪谢褜褞 芦袛邪遥泻禄 蟹邪 胁泻谢邪写 胁 锌芯写谐芯褌芯胁泻褍, 胁胁械写械薪懈械 懈 芯斜械褋锌械褔械薪懈械 褍褋褌芯泄褔懈胁芯谐芯 褎褍薪泻褑懈芯薪懈褉芯胁邪薪懈褟 薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪芯泄 胁邪谢褞褌褘 鈥� 褋芯屑邪. 袟邪褋谢褍卸械薪薪褘泄 褝泻芯薪芯屑懈褋褌 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 袪械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈. 袣邪薪写懈写邪褌 褎懈蟹懈泻芯-屑邪褌械屑邪褌懈褔械褋泻懈褏 薪邪褍泻 懈 邪胁褌芯褉 斜芯谢械械 50 薪邪褍褔薪褘褏 褉邪斜芯褌 胁 芯斜谢邪褋褌懈 褎懈蟹懈泻懈 懈 屑邪褌械褉懈邪谢芯胁械写械薪懈褟 锌芯谢褍锌褉芯胁芯写薪懈泻芯胁.
袚芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪褘泄 褋芯胁械褌薪懈泻 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪芯泄 褋谢褍卸斜褘 I 泻谢邪褋褋邪.
袙褋褌褉械褔邪 芯褉谐邪薪懈蟹芯胁邪薪邪 锌褉芯褎械褋褋芯褉芯屑 效芯谢锌芯薪 孝褍褉写邪谢懈械胁芯泄.听
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This presentation explores a key event in the recent history of Central Asia: the 1950s Soviet policy of forced transfers of highlanders down to cotton kolkhozes in the Ferghana Valley, in particular from Macha district to Nau and Proletar districts in North Tajikistan. From both a historical and sociological perspective, it analyses how the displaced population was received in the areas of destination. It sheds light on the concept of ethnicity, in the sense that these transfers were most often analysed in ethnic terms, Tajik highlanders vs. Uzbek farmers in our case study. This approach does not allow for the perception of a complex range of identities based on a nation, a region, a lineage, a religion or a language. The concept of ethnicity seems therefore limited to explain the social dynamics of nation-state formation in a region where identity appears to be multiple, changing and constantly renegotiated.
Olivier Ferrando holds a PhD of political science from Sciences Po Paris on minority identities in the Ferghana valley (Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan). He is currently director of the French Institute for Central Asian Studies in Bishkek.
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袩褉械蟹械薪褌邪褑懈褟 锌芯褋胁褟褖械薪邪 胁芯锌褉芯褋邪屑 谢芯泻邪谢懈蟹邪褑懈懈 懈 懈蟹褍褔械薪懈褟 懈蟹胁械褋褌薪褘褏 锌邪屑褟褌薪懈泻芯胁 泻邪屑械薪薪芯谐芯 胁械泻邪 锌械褖械褉褘 小械谢褜褍薪泻褍褉 懈 袨斜懈褕懈褉 1-5, 褉邪褋锌芯谢芯卸械薪薪褘褏 胁 袘邪褌泻械薪褋泻芯泄 芯斜谢邪褋褌懈 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪邪. 袩芯写褉芯斜薪芯 懈蟹褍褔械薪薪褘械 胁 褋芯胁械褌褋泻芯械 胁褉械屑褟, 胁 写邪薪薪芯械 胁褉械屑褟 芯薪懈 懈蟹胁械褋褌薪褘 胁 薪邪褍褔薪芯屑 屑懈褉械 泻邪泻 泻谢褞褔械胁褘械 写芯懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈械 锌邪屑褟褌薪懈泻懈 校蟹斜械泻懈褋褌邪薪邪. 袣邪泻懈屑 芯斜褉邪蟹芯屑 褋谢芯卸懈谢邪褋褜 褌邪泻邪褟 褋懈褌褍邪褑懈褟? 袧械芯斜褏芯写懈屑邪 谢懈 械械 泻芯褉褉械泻褌懈褉芯胁泻邪? 效褜械 褝褌芯 薪邪褋谢械写懈械? 袧邪 褝褌懈 懈 屑薪芯谐懈械 写褉褍谐懈械 胁芯锌褉芯褋褘 邪胁褌芯褉 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁懈褌 褋胁芯褞 褌芯褔泻褍 蟹褉械薪懈褟.
袗懈写邪 袗斜写褘泻邪薪芯胁邪, 写芯褑械薪褌 锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑褘 邪薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈褟, 袗校笑袗, 泻邪薪写懈写邪褌 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈褏 薪邪褍泻, 邪褉褏械芯谢芯谐 褋 屑薪芯谐芯谢械褌薪懈屑 芯锌褘褌芯屑 褉邪斜芯褌褘 胁 笑械薪褌褉邪谢褜薪芯泄 袗蟹懈懈, 袪芯褋褋懈懈 懈 携锌芯薪懈懈.
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芦袧邪褏邪谢芯胁泻懈禄 鈥� 褝褌芯 (锌芯褋褌)褋芯胁械褌褋泻懈泄 邪薪邪谢芯谐 褋泻胁芯褌褌械褉褋泻懈褏 锌芯褋械谢械薪懈泄, 褕懈褉芯泻芯 褉邪褋锌褉芯褋褌褉邪薪械薪薪褘褏 锌芯 胁褋械屑褍 屑懈褉褍, 胁 锌械褉胁褍褞 芯褔械褉械写褜, 胁 褉邪蟹胁懈胁邪褞褖懈褏褋褟 褋褌褉邪薪邪褏. 袦芯卸薪芯 胁褘写械谢懈褌褜 写胁邪 锌芯写褏芯写邪 泻 芯斜褗褟褋薪械薪懈褞 褎械薪芯屑械薪邪 薪械褎芯褉屑邪谢褜薪褘褏 锌芯褋械谢械薪懈泄: 薪械芯谢懈斜械褉邪谢褜薪褘泄 懈 泻芯屑屑褍薪懈褌邪褉懈褋褌泻懈泄. 袙 褉邪屑泻邪褏 锌械褉胁芯谐芯 锌芯写褏芯写邪 褋泻胁芯褌褌械褉褘 褉邪褋褋屑邪褌褉懈胁邪褞褌褋褟 泻邪泻 芦谐械褉芯懈褔械褋泻懈械 锌褉械写锌褉懈薪懈屑邪褌械谢懈禄, 泻芯褌芯褉褘械, 胁芯锌褉械泻懈 芦锌谢芯褏懈屑禄 蟹邪泻芯薪邪屑 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁邪, 褋褌褉芯褟褌 褉褘薪芯褔薪褍褞 褝泻芯薪芯屑懈泻褍; 胁褌芯褉芯泄 锌芯写褏芯写 褋褔懈褌邪械褌 褋泻胁芯褌褌械褉芯胁 褌褉邪写懈褑懈芯薪邪谢懈褋褌邪屑懈, 卸懈胁褍褖懈屑懈 锌芯 锌褉懈薪褑懈锌邪屑 芦屑芯褉邪谢褜薪芯泄 褝泻芯薪芯屑懈泻懈禄. 袙 写芯泻谢邪写械 斜褍写褍褌 褉邪褋褋屑芯褌褉械薪褘 胁芯蟹屑芯卸薪芯褋褌懈 懈 芯谐褉邪薪懈褔械薪懈褟 褝褌懈 写胁褍褏 锌芯写褏芯写芯胁 薪邪 锌褉懈屑械褉械 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟 芦薪邪褏邪谢芯胁芯泻禄 谐芯褉芯写邪 校谢邪薪-校写褝.
袣褉邪褌泻邪褟 斜懈芯谐褉邪褎懈褟
袧懈泻芯谢邪泄 袣邪褉斜邪懈薪芯胁 芯泻芯薪褔懈谢 胁 2003 谐芯写褍 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈泄 褎邪泻褍谢褜褌械褌 袘褍褉褟褌褋泻芯谐芯 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪芯谐芯 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌邪. 2009-2010 谐谐. 鈥� 屑邪谐懈褋褌褉邪褌褍褉邪 褎邪泻褍谢褜褌械褌邪 锌芯谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻懈褏 薪邪褍泻 懈 褋芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈懈 袝胁褉芯锌械泄褋泻芯谐芯 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌邪 胁 小邪薪泻褌-袩械褌械褉斜褍褉谐械. 袦邪谐懈褋褌褉 褋芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈懈 (写懈锌谢芯屑 胁邪谢懈写懈褉褍械褌褋褟 校薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌芯屑 啸械谢褜褋懈薪泻懈, 肖懈薪谢褟薪写懈褟). 小 褋械薪褌褟斜褉褟 2010 谐芯写邪 邪褋锌懈褉邪薪褌 褎邪泻褍谢褜褌械褌邪 锌芯谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻懈褏 薪邪褍泻 懈 褋芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈懈 袝胁褉芯锌械泄褋泻芯谐芯 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌邪 胁 小邪薪泻褌-袩械褌械褉斜褍褉谐械. 孝械屑邪 泻邪薪写懈写邪褌褋泻芯泄 写懈褋褋械褉褌邪褑懈懈: 芦袠薪褋褌懈褌褍褑懈芯薪邪谢懈蟹邪褑懈褟 褔邪褋褌薪芯泄 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪薪芯褋褌懈 薪邪 蟹械屑谢褞 胁 谐芯褉芯写邪褏 锌芯褋褌褋芯胁械褌褋泻芯泄 袪芯褋褋懈懈禄. 小 2012 谐芯写邪 鈥� 薪邪褍褔薪褘泄 褋芯褌褉褍写薪懈泻 笑械薪褌褉邪 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪褘褏 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈泄 锌芯褋褌褋芯褑懈邪谢懈蟹屑邪 袠薪褋褌懈褌褍褌邪 褋褉邪胁薪懈褌械谢褜薪褘褏 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈泄 屑芯写械褉薪懈蟹邪褑懈懈 芯斜褖械褋褌胁 袣邪蟹邪薪褋泻芯谐芯 (袩褉懈胁芯谢卸褋泻芯谐芯) 褎械写械褉邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌邪. 袧邪褍褔薪褘械 懈薪褌械褉械褋褘: c芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈褟/邪薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈褟 锌褉邪胁邪, 褋芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈褟/邪薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈褟 谐芯褉芯写邪, 褋芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈褟 褋芯斜褋褌胁械薪薪芯褋褌懈, 褍褋褌薪邪褟 懈褋褌芯褉懈褟 懈 褋芯褑懈邪谢褜薪邪褟 锌邪屑褟褌褜, 褋泻胁邪褌褌械褉褋泻懈械 锌芯褋械谢械薪懈褟 胁 锌芯褋褌褋芯胁械褌褋泻懈褏 谐芯褉芯写邪褏, 褋芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈褟 屑械谐邪-褋芯斜褘褌懈泄, 屑芯谢芯写械卸薪褘械 褍谢懈褔薪褘械 谐褉褍锌锌懈褉芯胁泻懈.
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袙 褝褌芯泄 锌褉械蟹械薪褌邪褑懈懈 褟 褉邪褋褋屑芯褌褉褞 泻邪泻 屑懈谐褉邪薪褌褘 懈蟹 褋械谢褜褋泻芯泄 屑械褋褌薪芯褋褌懈 胁 袘褍褉褟褌懈懈 锌褘褌邪褞褌褋褟 斜邪谢邪薪褋懈褉芯胁邪褌褜 屑邪褌械褉懈薪褋褌胁芯 懈 褉邪斜芯褌褍. 袗薪邪谢懈蟹 褋褌邪褌懈褋褌懈褔械褋泻懈褏 写邪薪薪褘褏 锌芯泻邪蟹褘胁邪械褌 蟹薪邪褔懈褌械谢褜薪褍褞 褌褉邪薪褋褎芯褉屑邪褑懈褞 屑懈谐褉邪褑懈懈 懈蟹 褋械谢邪 胁 谐芯褉芯写 薪邪 锌褉芯褌褟卸械薪懈懈 锌芯褋谢械写薪懈褏 20 谢械褌. 袨褋薪芯胁褘胁邪褟褋褜 薪邪 屑懈褉芯胁褘褏 懈 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻懈褏 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟褏 胁 褋褎械褉械 卸械薪褋泻芯泄 褌褉邪薪褋薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪芯泄 屑懈谐褉邪褑懈懈 褟 褎芯褉屑褍谢懈褉褍褞 褋胁芯褞 谐懈锌芯褌械蟹褍: 卸械薪褖懈薪褘 屑懈谐褉邪薪褌褘 褉邪蟹胁懈胁邪褞褌 褋锌械褑懈褎懈褔械褋泻懈械 锌褉邪泻褌懈泻懈 屑邪褌械褉懈薪褋褌胁邪 薪邪 褉邪褋褋褌芯褟薪懈懈 泻芯谐写邪 懈褏 写械褌懈 芯褋褌邪褞褌褋褟 写芯屑邪. 袠褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈械 芯褋薪芯胁邪薪芯 薪邪 邪薪邪谢懈蟹械 65 懈薪褌械褉胁褜褞, 锌褉芯胁械写褢薪薪褘褏 胁 薪械褋泻芯谢褜泻懈褏 褉械谐懈芯薪邪褏 袘褍褉褟褌懈懈. 袠褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈械 锌芯写褌胁械褉卸写邪械褌 谐懈锌芯褌械蟹褍 懈 写邪褢褌 薪芯胁褘泄 胁蟹谐谢褟写 薪邪 褋懈褌褍邪褑懈褞 胁 薪邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪褘褏 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻邪褏 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻芯泄 肖械写械褉邪褑懈懈. 袙 褋谢褍褔邪械 袘褍褉褟褌懈懈 胁邪卸薪褍褞 褉芯谢褜 胁 褋械屑械泄薪褘褏 芯褌薪芯褕械薪懈褟褏 懈谐褉邪械褌 褌褉邪写懈褑懈芯薪薪邪褟 写谢褟 斜褍褉褟褌褋泻懈褏 褋械屑械泄 懈写械芯谢芯谐懈褟 褉邪褋褕懈褉械薪薪芯谐芯 屑邪褌械褉懈薪褋褌胁邪.
袣褉邪褌泻邪褟 斜懈芯谐褉邪褎懈褟
袙械褉邪 袚邪谢懈薪写邪斜邪械胁邪 芯泻芯薪褔懈谢邪 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻懈泄 褎邪泻褍谢褜褌械褌 袘褍褉褟褌褋泻芯谐芯 谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁械薪薪芯谐芯 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌邪 锌芯 褋锌械褑懈邪谢褜薪芯褋褌懈 芦懈褋褌芯褉懈泻, 锌褉械锌芯写邪胁邪褌械谢褜 懈褋褌芯褉懈懈禄 褋 芯褌谢懈褔懈械屑 胁 2005 谐. 袙 2009 谐. 芯泻芯薪褔懈谢邪 锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑褍 锌褉芯褎械褋褋懈芯薪邪谢褜薪芯泄 锌械褉械锌芯写谐芯褌芯胁泻懈 芦小芯褑懈邪谢褜薪褘械 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟 褋芯胁褉械屑械薪薪芯谐芯 芯斜褖械褋褌胁邪禄 胁 袝胁褉芯锌械泄褋泻芯屑 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌械 胁 小邪薪泻褌-袩械褌械褉斜褍褉谐械 (袝校小袩斜). 小 2009 谐. 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 褋芯懈褋泻邪褌械谢械屑 褋褌械锌械薪懈 泻邪薪写懈写邪褌邪 薪邪褍泻 锌芯 褋芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈懈 胁 袝校小袩斜, 褌械屑邪 写懈褋褋械褉褌邪褑懈懈: 芦肖芯褉屑褘 屑械卸锌芯泻芯谢械薪薪芯泄 蟹邪斜芯褌褘 胁 褋芯胁褉械屑械薪薪褘褏 褉邪褋褕懈褉械薪薪褘褏 褋械屑褜褟褏 (薪邪 锌褉懈屑械褉械 褉械褋锌褍斜谢懈泻懈 袘褍褉褟褌懈褟)禄. 袙 2010 懈 2011-2012 谐谐. 锌褉芯褏芯写懈谢邪 褋褌邪卸懈褉芯胁泻懈 胁 校薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌械 袥懈薪褔褢锌懈薪谐邪 (楔胁械褑懈褟) 懈 校薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌械 袘械褉谐械薪邪 (袧芯褉胁械谐懈褟). 小 2012 谐. 袙械褉邪 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 屑谢邪写褕懈屑 薪邪褍褔薪褘屑 褋芯褌褉褍写薪懈泻芯屑 胁 袧袨笑 袣褍谢褜褌褍褉薪褘械 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟 锌芯褋褌褋芯褑懈邪谢懈蟹屑邪 锌褉懈 袠薪褋褌懈褌褍褌械 褋褉邪胁薪懈褌械谢褜薪褘褏 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈泄 屑芯写械褉薪懈蟹邪褑懈懈 芯斜褖械褋褌胁 袣邪蟹邪薪褋泻芯谐芯 (袩褉懈胁芯谢卸褋泻芯谐芯) 肖械写械褉邪谢褜薪芯谐芯 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌邪. 袠褋褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢褜褋泻懈械 懈薪褌械褉械褋褘: 褝褌薪芯褋芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈褟, 褋芯褑懈邪谢褜薪邪褟 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻邪, 谐械薪写械褉薪褘械 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟, 褋械谢褜褋泻懈械 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟, 褋芯褑懈芯谢芯谐懈褟/邪薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈褟 谐芯褉芯写芯胁 袙薪褍褌褉械薪薪械泄 袗蟹懈懈.
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袧邪 褎芯薪械 锌褉芯斜谢械屑 斜械蟹芯锌邪褋薪芯褋褌懈, 褉械谐褍谢褟褉薪芯 屑械谢褜泻邪褞褖懈褏 胁 小袦袠, 褌械屑 薪械 屑械薪械械 胁 袗褎谐邪薪懈褋褌邪薪械 褋褎芯褉屑懈褉芯胁邪薪邪 芯锌褉械写械谢械薪薪邪褟 褋械褌褜 褌褉褍写芯胁褘褏 屑懈谐褉邪薪褌芯胁 懈蟹 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪邪. 袧械褋屑芯褌褉褟 薪邪 胁褘褋芯泻懈泄 褉懈褋泻, 芯泻芯谢芯 褌褘褋褟褔懈 泻褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪褑械胁 褌褉褍写褟褌褋褟, 泻邪泻 薪邪 芯斜褗械泻褌邪褏 屑懈谢懈褌邪褉懈蟹懈褉芯胁邪薪薪芯泄 懈薪褎褉邪褋褌褉褍泻褌褍褉褘, 褌邪泻 懈 褔邪褋褌薪褘褏 泻邪屑锌邪薪懈褟褏. 袣邪泻 芯薪懈 锌芯锌邪写邪褞褌 胁 袗褎谐邪薪懈褋褌邪薪? 袧邪褋泻芯谢褜泻芯 胁谢懈褟械褌 芦胁芯械薪薪芯械 胁褉械屑褟禄 薪邪 褍褋谢芯胁懈褟 懈褏 褌褉褍写邪 懈 蟹邪褉邪斜芯褌泻邪? 袣邪泻 泻褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪褑褘 褏邪褉邪泻褌械褉懈蟹褍褞褌 褌褉褍写薪芯褋褌懈 薪邪 锌褍褌懈 泻 褍褋锌械褕薪芯屑褍 蟹邪褉邪斜芯褌泻褍, 懈 泻邪泻懈械 锌邪褉邪谢谢械谢懈 芯薪懈 锌褉芯胁芯写褟褌 褋 褋芯芯褌械褔械褋褌胁械薪薪懈泻邪屑懈 胁 袪芯褋褋懈懈?
袛邪薪薪邪褟 锌褉械蟹械薪褌邪褑懈褟 芯蟹薪邪泻芯屑懈褌 胁邪褋 褋 邪薪邪谢懈蟹芯屑 褉械蟹褍谢褜褌邪褌芯胁 锌芯谢械胁芯谐芯 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈褟 锌褉芯胁械写械薪薪芯谐芯 胁 邪胁谐褍褋褌械 2014 薪邪 褌械褉褉懈褌芯褉懈懈 谐. 袣邪斜褍谢 胁 褋褉械写械 泻褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻懈褏 褌褉褍写芯胁褘褏 屑懈谐褉邪薪褌芯胁. 袠褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈械 锌褉芯胁芯写懈谢芯褋褜 锌褉懈 锌芯写写械褉卸泻械 孝褟薪褜-楔邪薪褜褋泻芯谐芯 邪薪邪谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻芯谐芯 褑械薪褌褉邪, 袗校笑袗.
携蟹褘泻 锌褉芯胁械写械薪懈褟: 褉褍褋褋泻懈泄.
袪褍褋谢邪薪 袪邪褏懈屑芯胁 鈥� 写芯褑械薪褌 锌褉芯谐褉邪屑屑褘 邪薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈懈, 袗校笑袗. 袟邪褖懈褌懈谢 褋胁芯褞 PhD 写懈褋褋械褉褌邪褑懈褞 胁 袙褘褋褕械泄 楔泻芯谢械 小芯褑懈邪谢褜薪褘褏 袧邪褍泻, 袩邪褉懈卸-肖褉邪薪褑懈褟 懈 胁 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯泄 袗泻邪写械屑懈懈 袧邪褍泻.
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袨写薪懈屑 懈蟹 褋邪屑褘褏 褋锌芯褉薪褘褏 懈 蟹邪锌褍褌邪薪薪褘褏 胁芯锌褉芯褋芯胁 薪邪 褋械谐芯写薪褟褕薪懈泄 写械薪褜 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 胁芯锌褉芯褋 褋胁械褌褋泻芯褋褌懈. 袟邪 懈褋泻谢褞褔械薪懈械屑 褌褉邪写懈褑懈芯薪薪芯谐芯 "谐芯褋褍写邪褉褋褌胁芯 芯褌写械谢械薪芯 芯褌 褉械谢懈谐懈懈" 屑邪谢芯 泻褌芯 屑芯卸械褌 锌芯褟褋薪懈褌褜 褔褌芯 卸械 褝褌芯 芯蟹薪邪褔邪械褌 薪邪 褍褉芯胁薪械 褉械邪谢褜薪芯泄 锌芯谢懈褌懈泻懈, 芯斜褉邪蟹芯胁邪薪懈褟, 懈 械卸械写薪械胁薪芯泄 卸懈蟹薪懈. 协褌芯褌 胁芯锌褉芯褋 褉械谐褍谢褟褉薪芯 "芯斜芯褋褌褉褟械褌褋褟", 薪邪锌褉懈屑械褉 锌芯褋谢械 薪械写邪胁薪械谐芯 褌褉械斜芯胁邪薪懈褟 写械锌褍褌邪褌邪 袞袣 袘芯写芯褕 袦邪屑褘褉芯胁芯泄 蟹邪锌褉械褌懈褌褜 褏懈写卸邪斜褘 胁 褕泻芯谢邪褏. 袙 写邪薪薪芯泄 褉邪斜芯褌械 褟 薪械 锌褘褌邪褞褋褜 褋褎芯褉屑褍谢懈褉芯胁邪褌褜, 褔褌芯 褌邪泻芯械 褋胁械褌褋泻芯褋褌褜, 邪 褋泻芯褉械械 褋褌邪褉邪褞褋褜 锌芯薪褟褌褜 褔褌芯 褎芯褉屑懈褉褍械褌 "褋胁械褌褋泻懈泄" 芯斜褉邪蟹 屑褘褕谢械薪懈褟. 携 锌褉械写谢邪谐邪褞 胁蟹谐谢褟薪褍褌褜 薪邪 褝褌芯褌 胁芯锌褉芯褋 褔械褉械蟹 锌褉懈蟹屑褍 锌芯泻芯谢械薪懈泄. 小 褝褌芯泄 褑械谢褜褞 褟 胁褘写械谢褟褞 褔械褌褘褉械 锌芯泻芯谢械薪懈褟: "褉邪薪薪械械 褋芯胁械褌褋泻芯械", "褋芯胁械褌褋泻芯械", "锌械褉械褏芯写薪芯械" 懈 "薪械蟹邪胁懈褋懈屑芯械" 懈 邪薪邪谢懈蟹懈褉褍褞 胁 泻邪泻懈褏 褍褋谢芯胁懈褟褏 褎芯褉屑懈褉芯胁邪谢芯褋褜 胁芯褋锌褉懈褟褌懈械 褉械谢懈谐懈懈 褍 泻邪卸写芯谐芯 懈蟹 褝褌懈褏 锌芯泻芯谢械薪懈泄. 袛邪薪薪褘泄 邪薪邪谢懈蟹 锌芯泻邪蟹褘胁邪械褌 薪邪锌褉懈屑械褉, 褔褌芯 屑芯谢芯写褢卸褜 褋械谐芯写薪褟 芯褔械薪褜 褝泻谢械泻褌懈褔薪邪 胁 胁褘斜芯褉械 褋胁芯械泄 懈写械薪褌懈褔薪芯褋褌懈 懈 谢械谐泻芯 褋芯胁屑械褖邪械褌/胁芯褋锌褉懈薪懈屑邪械褌 泻邪泻 褉械谢懈谐懈芯蟹薪芯械 褌邪泻 懈 褋胁械褌褋泻芯械. 袚谢邪胁薪褘屑 懈褋褌芯褔薪懈泻芯屑 卸械 "泻芯薪褎谢懈泻褌邪" 屑械卸写褍 褉械谢懈谐懈芯蟹薪褘屑 懈 褋胁械褌褋泻懈屑 懈 褋谢械写褍褞褖懈屑 蟹邪 褝褌懈屑 薪邪锌褉褟卸械薪懈械屑 胁 芯斜褖械褋褌胁械, 褟胁谢褟械褌褋褟 薪械胁芯褋锌褉懈褟褌懈械 褉械谢懈谐懈芯蟹薪芯谐芯 "褋芯胁械褌褋泻懈屑" 锌芯泻芯谢械薪懈械屑, 胁褘褉芯褋褕懈屑 懈 锌芯胁蟹褉芯褋谢械胁褕懈屑 胁 褍褋谢芯胁懈褟褏 褋芯胁械褌褋泻芯泄 邪薪褌懈褉械谢懈谐懈芯蟹薪芯泄 锌褉芯锌邪谐邪薪写褘, 懈 薪邪 褋械谐芯写薪褟褕薪懈泄 写械薪褜 蟹邪薪懈屑邪褞褖懈屑 泻谢褞褔械胁褘械 锌芯褋褌褘 胁 锌褉邪胁懈褌械谢褜褋褌胁械 懈 锌邪褉谢邪屑械薪褌械. 小芯芯褌胁械褌褋褌胁械薪薪芯, 褟 锌褉械写谢邪谐邪褞, 褔褌芯 "褋胁械褌褋泻芯褋褌褜" 胁 泻芯薪褌械泻褋褌械 薪邪褕械谐芯 锌械褉械褏芯写薪芯谐芯 芯斜褖械褋褌胁邪 褋泻芯褉械械 屑芯卸薪芯 芯锌褉械写械谢懈褌褜 泻邪泻 "褋芯胁械褌褋泻芯褋褌褜".
协屑懈谢褜 袧邪褋褌褉懈写懈薪芯胁 - 写芯褑械薪褌 泻邪褎械写褉褘 邪薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈懈, 袗屑械褉懈泻邪薪褋泻芯谐芯 校薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌邪 笑械薪褌褉邪谢褜薪芯泄 袗蟹懈懈. 协屑懈谢褜 锌褉械锌芯写邪褢褌 邪薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈褞 褉械谢懈谐懈懈, 屑芯谢芯写褢卸薪褍褞 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉褍, 谐芯褉芯写褋泻褍褞 邪薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈褞, 邪薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈褞 屑懈谐褉邪褑懈懈 懈 谐谢芯斜邪谢懈蟹邪褑懈懈, 邪 褌邪泻卸械 邪薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈褞 褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈褟. 袝谐芯 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢褜褋泻懈械 懈薪褌械褉械褋褘 胁泻谢褞褔邪褞褌 褉械谢懈谐懈褞, 屑懈谐褉邪褑懈褞 懈 谐芯褉芯写. 袙 2007谐. 协屑懈谢褜 蟹邪褖懈褌懈谢 PhD 胁 谐芯褉芯写褋泻芯屑 锌谢邪薪懈褉芯胁邪薪懈懈 胁 校薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌械 袦械谢褜斜褍褉薪邪 胁 袗胁褋褌褉邪谢懈懈.
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24 褋械薪褌褟斜褉褟, 2014
袗泄卸邪褉泻褘薪 袣芯卸芯斜械泻芯胁邪
袛懈褋泻褍褉褋褘 褉芯屑邪薪褌懈蟹屑邪 懈 谐械褉芯懈蟹屑邪 胁 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪械 (锌芯 褋芯斜褘褌懈褟屑 7 邪锌褉械谢褟 2010)
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袩芯褋谢械 写胁褍褏 褌邪泻 薪邪蟹褘胁邪械屑褘褏 褉械胁芯谢褞褑懈泄 24 袦邪褉褌邪 2005 懈 7 邪锌褉械谢褟 2010 谐芯写邪 胁 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪械 懈写械懈 芯 斜褍写褍褖械屑 褉邪蟹胁懈褌懈懈, 芯蟹胁褍褔懈胁邪械屑褘械 锌芯谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻懈屑懈 谢懈写械褉邪屑懈, 褌褉邪写懈褑懈芯薪薪褘屑懈 芦褝谢懈褌邪屑懈禄 懈 邪泻邪写械屑懈褔械褋泻懈屑 褋芯芯斜褖械褋褌胁芯屑 褋泻谢邪写褘胁邪褞褌褋褟 胁 芯锌褉械写械谢械薪薪褘械 写懈褋泻褍褉褋褘, 芯褌褉邪卸邪褞褖懈械 褋芯褑懈芯泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪褘械 懈 锌芯谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻懈械 锌褉芯褑械褋褋褘 薪邪褉褟写褍 褋 胁芯芯斜褉邪卸邪械屑芯泄 褉械邪谢褜薪芯褋褌褜褞. 袛胁邪 写懈褋泻褍褉褋邪 鈥� 芯 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋泻芯屑 薪芯屑邪写懈蟹屑械 懈 袧邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪褘褏 谐械褉芯褟褏 锌褉芯胁芯褑懈褉褍褞褌 谐芯褉褟褔懈械 写懈褋泻褍褋褋懈懈 薪邪 锌褉芯褌褟卸械薪懈懈 锌芯褋谢械写薪懈褏 谢械褌. 袗薪邪谢懈蟹 胁褘褋褌褍锌谢械薪懈泄 锌芯谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻懈褏 谢懈写械褉芯胁, 屑邪褌械褉懈邪谢芯胁 懈薪褌械谢谢械泻褌褍邪谢褜薪褘褏 写懈褋泻褍褋褋懈泄, 懈薪褌械褉胁褜褞 褋 锌褉械写褋褌邪胁懈褌械谢褟屑懈 邪泻邪写械屑懈褔械褋泻芯谐芯 褋芯芯斜褖械褋褌胁邪, 褋胁懈写械褌械谢褟屑懈 懈 褍褔邪褋褌薪懈泻邪屑懈 邪锌褉械谢褜褋泻懈褏 褋芯斜褘褌懈泄 2010 锌芯蟹胁芯谢褟械褌 褍褌胁械褉卸写邪褌褜, 褔褌芯 芯斜芯蟹薪邪褔械薪薪褘械 写懈褋泻褍褉褋褘 械褋褌褜 锌褉芯褟胁谢械薪懈械 锌芯谢懈褌懈褔械褋泻芯谐芯 褉芯屑邪薪褌懈蟹屑邪, 芦泻芯薪褋褌褉褍懈褉褍褞褖械谐芯禄 薪芯胁褍褞 褉械邪谢褜薪芯褋褌褜 褔械褉械蟹 懈褋褌芯褉懈褔械褋泻褍褞 褉械褌褉芯褋锌械泻褌懈胁褍, 褋 芯写薪芯泄 褋褌芯褉芯薪褘 (胁 写懈褋泻褍褉褋械 芯 泻褘褉谐褘蟹邪褏 泻邪泻 薪芯屑邪写邪褏) 懈 写械胁邪谢褜胁懈褉褍褞褖械谐芯 蟹薪邪褔械薪懈械 薪械泻芯褌芯褉褘褏 褑械薪薪芯褋褌薪褘褏 泻芯薪褑械锌褌芯胁 (胁 写懈褋泻褍褉褋械 芯 袧邪褑懈芯薪邪谢褜薪褘褏 谐械褉芯褟褏).
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袗泄卸邪褉泻褘薪 袣芯卸芯斜械泻芯胁邪 锌芯谢褍褔懈谢邪 褋褌械锌械薪褜 泻邪薪写懈写邪褌邪 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎褋泻懈褏 薪邪褍泻 胁 2007 懈 蟹胁邪薪懈械 写芯褑械薪褌邪 胁 2010 谐芯写褍. 袙 2010-2012 谐芯写褍 褍褔邪褋褌胁芯胁邪谢邪 胁 锌褉芯械泻褌械 ReSET 芦小芯胁械褌褋泻芯械 胁 锌芯胁褋械写薪械胁薪芯褋褌懈禄 袠薪褋褌懈褌褍褌邪 袨褌泻褉褘褌芯谐芯 袨斜褖械褋褌胁邪. 袙 2011-2013 谐芯写褍 褉邪斜芯褌邪谢邪 薪邪写 懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪薪懈械屑 芦袟薪邪褔械薪懈械 谐械褉芯懈褔械褋泻芯泄 褋屑械褉褌懈 胁 泻芯薪褌械泻褋褌械 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪邪 (锌芯 褋芯斜褘褌懈褟屑 7 邪锌褉械谢褟 2010)禄 胁 褉邪屑泻邪褏 锌褉芯械泻褌邪 CARTI (Central Asian Research and Training Initiative) 袠薪褋褌懈褌褍褌邪 袨褌泻褉褘褌芯谐芯 袨斜褖械褋褌胁邪. 袙 2013 谐芯写褍 褟胁谢褟谢邪褋褜 锌褉懈谐谢邪褕械薪薪褘屑 谢械泻褌芯褉芯屑 薪邪 袛械锌邪褉褌邪屑械薪褌械 小芯褑懈邪谢褜薪芯泄 懈 袣褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯泄 袗薪褌褉芯锌芯谢芯谐懈懈 胁 校薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌械 孝褞斜懈薪谐械薪邪 (袚械褉屑邪薪懈褟). 袙 薪邪褋褌芯褟褖械械 胁褉械屑褟 褉邪斜芯褌邪械褌 胁 袦械卸写褍薪邪褉芯写薪芯屑 褍薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌械 胁 笑械薪褌褉邪谢褜薪芯泄 袗蟹懈懈 薪邪 袛械锌邪褉褌邪屑械薪褌械 袦械卸写褍薪邪褉芯写薪褘褏 芯褌薪芯褕械薪懈泄. 小芯褌褉褍写薪懈褔邪械褌 褋 泻褍谢褜褌褍褉薪芯-懈褋褋谢械写芯胁邪褌械谢褜褋泻懈屑 褑械薪褌褉芯屑 芦袗泄谐懈薪械禄, 肖芯薪写芯屑 小芯褉芯褋-袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪, 校薪懈胁械褉褋懈褌械褌芯屑 孝褞斜懈薪谐械薪邪, 袪芯褋褋懈泄褋泻懈屑 褎懈谢芯褋芯褎褋泻懈屑 芯斜褖械褋褌胁芯屑. 袝褞 芯锌褍斜谢懈泻芯胁邪薪芯 芯泻芯谢芯 40 薪邪褍褔薪褘褏 褉邪斜芯褌 (褋褌邪褌械泄 懈 锌芯褋芯斜懈泄) 胁 袣褘褉谐褘蟹褋褌邪薪械, 袣邪蟹邪褏褋褌邪薪械, 袪芯褋褋懈懈, 孝褍褉褑懈懈, 小懈薪谐邪锌褍褉械.
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The condition of deportability has elicited considerable interest as a legal predicament facing migrant workers and an outcome of flexible labor regimes. Less attention has been given to the lived experience of vulnerability to forced removal, or to the way in which this condition of temporal uncertainty shapes migrants' encounters with state agents. Drawing on ethnography in Moscow among Kyrgyzstani migrant workers I show that in conditions of documentary uncertainty 鈥渓egal residence鈥� often depends upon successfully enacting a right to the city and the cultivation of friendly relations with district police officers. The predicament of deportability is often shot through with fear, exasperation, mutual suspicion and anger. But the particular dynamics of deportability and return that characterize the contemporary Russian migration regime mean that it is also often characterized by a sense of abandon and of the performativity of 鈥渓aw鈥� itself. This paper explores 鈥渓iving from the nerves鈥� as an ethnographic reality for Kyrgyzstani migrant workers and as an analytic for developing a more variegated account of state power and its affective resonances in contemporary Russia.
Bio: Madeleine Reeves is a Lecturer in Social Anthropology at the University of Manchester and a member of the ESRC Centre for Research on Socio-Cultural Change. She has conducted research in Kyrgyzstan since 1999 on issues including language policy and education, place and ethnicity and migration and domestic economies. She taught at the department of Sociology at 九色网 between 2000 and 2002, and in the department of Cultural Anthropology and Archaeology in 2005. She is the author of Border Work: Spatial Lives of the State in Rural Central Asia (Cornell 2014) and co-author with Alan De Young and Galina Valyaeva of Surviving the Transition? Case Studies of Schools and Schooling in the Kyrgyz Republic Since Independence (Information Age 2006).
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Since the independency of Kyrgyzstan the major part of its labour market has become informal. In 2010 the estimated share of informal employment compared to overall employment was more than 70%. There are several reasons for its increase, especially the raised unemployment after the collapse of state industries, political instability and low salaries in formal jobs.
One interesting aspect of this development is that in the sectors where the share of informal employment is high there also exist processes of informal job matching. One of these groups conducting informal job matching are so called Brigadiers who connect field workers with farmers in the agricultural sector and builders with employers in the construction sector. They act as brokers, middlemen who get people together who are otherwise disconnected.
In this context it is interesting to find out who are those brigadiers, how do they act and what is their position in their social environment and in the informal labour market. Besides this it would also be interesting to research their connection to formal institutions.
In her presentation Peggy will outline her preliminary assumptions and will tell about her experiences and first findings of her first field trip to Talas. She will be accompanied by Gulnora, a student of Anthropology who assisted her during her field trip and who will also tell about her experiences in Talas.
Peggy Reichel has studied Sociology with her major in Sociology of Work in Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany. She has lived and worked in Kyrgyzstan from 2010 until 2013 and visits the country frequently. She started the work at her PhD thesis in 2014 and just came back from her first field trip in the oblast of Talas.
Gulnora Iskandarova, 3-rd year student in Anthropology department, 九色网. She has ethnographic research experience from two field trips. In Mongolia, where she conducted the fieldwork for her major and where she studied Kazakh people and in the Talas region as an assistant of Peggy Reichel.
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Since Kyrgyzstan鈥檚 independence, an increase in religious institutions and groups can be observed. This is especially obvious for Islamic institutions, and the construction of new mosques, of madrasas and the establishment of Islamic funds has been conspicuous especially after the turn of the millennium. How does this increase of Islamic institutions, and with it the growing number of people 鈥渂eing in Islam鈥�, come about? And which kind of changes on a socio-cultural level does this entail? Being part of an interdisciplinary Research Center seeking to explore and re-conceptualize the notion of 鈥渞esources鈥�, the above mentioned PhD project aims at (1) looking into both the material and immaterial means that are required, acquired and transformed in order to establish and maintain institutions such as mosques and madrasas, and (2) at the socio-cultural dynamics that result from this engagement with these specific material and immaterial means.
In her presentation, Yanti will both outline the main assumptions of her PhD project as well as illustrate, how conducting research as an 鈥渁nthropologist in the field鈥� may look like.
Yanti Hoelzchen has studied Social and Cultural Anthropology as well as Japanese Studies at Tuebingen University, Germany. She first encountered Kyrgyzstan during a two-month fieldwork project from February to April 2009 in the village Tosor (Yssyk k枚l oblast) where she looked at the social and cultural role of the school for the village community. She has taken up her position as PhD candidate at the Collaborative Research Center 1070 鈥淩esourceCultures鈥� (funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG)) in October 2013 and has been conducting her fieldwork in Bishkek, Yssyk k枚l oblast, Osh and Jalal Abad since March 2014.
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